Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC)

Official Publication of Rawalpindi Medical University

JRMC

Special Reports

Covid-19 Management Vol-II

20 September 2025 | Report

Overview

Undoubtedly, the outbreak of COVID-19 has proved to be a nightmare for the
entire world. Every Nation is putting up a brave fight against this deadly virus and Pakistan has left no stone unturned to control the spread this lethal epidemic. During the first wave, the spread of the disease; largely, remained under control throughout the country due to very strict and effective preventive measures introduced by the Government at National and Provincial levels. On August 7, National Coordination Committee (NCC) announced that COVID-19 pandemic had been controlled due to effective strategy and the country was declared open for resumption of normal life. By the grace of Almighty Allah, we have been able to manage the patients efficiently and effectively in Rawalpindi District.
The of 2nd wave of COVID-19 started gaining momentum in the country in August 2020 and the government officially announced the onset of second spell in Pakistan on October 28, 2020, after the daily death toll reached 750 in contrast to 400 to 500 a few weeks ago (4) However, it was observed that the ratio of patients on ventilator during the first wave was less than the second wave. It was also noted that the death toll in second wave was also on the rise as compared to the first.

RMU TEAM

Department of Infectious Diseases, RMU

EDITORS

Dr. Mujeeb Khan

COPYRIGHTS

RMU & Covid-19

21 January 2024 | Report

Overview

The reports on COVID-19 present the comparison of all four surges of COVID-19 in Rawalpindi Region. Understanding the trajectory of COVID-19 case counts assisted the government and its hospitals in responding to the impact of the pandemic. The primary focus of this report is on the statistics of patients  in the first to fourth surges of COVID-19.

This report was published by Rawalpindi Medical University & the data it received from its allied hospitals on COVID-19. Primarily the Department of Infectious Diseases in Holy Family Hospital liaised with the University in sharing its data.

RMU TEAM

Department of Infectious Diseases, RMU

EDITORS

Dr. Mujeeb Khan

COPYRIGHTS

Dengue Report 2019​

21 January 2024 | Report

Overview

Dengue is now endemic to Pakistan, with its usual peak incidence in the post-monsoon period. Rawalpindi division is among the regions in Punjab which has had to face 7 consecutive epidemics from 2013-2019. The Dengue epidemic of 2019 was by far the worst year of the epidemic. Towards the middle of August, there was a sudden surge in patients presenting with symptoms of Dengue Fever. Testing confirmed Dengue Fever, which was unprecedented as the epidemic season was usually expected to start in early September.

The Department of Infectious Diseases (DID), present in the Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi deals with many endemic Infectious Diseases from all over Pakistan, including the Dengue epidemics, Influenza outbreaks, Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever outbreaks, Tuberculosis and Leptospirosis patients, etc. They compiled their data and published a report on the Dengue outbreak in 2019 and subsequently proposed a recommendation to tackle dengue in the coming years.

 

RMU TEAM

Department of Infectious Diseases, RMU

EDITORS

Dr. Mujeeb Khan

COPYRIGHTS

Dengue Report 2022

21 January 2024 | Report

Overview

Dengue is now endemic to Pakistan, with its usual peak incidence in the post-monsoon period. Rawalpindi division is among the regions in Punjab which has had to face 7 consecutive epidemics from 2013-2019. The Dengue epidemic of 2019 was by far the worst year of the epidemic. Towards the middle of August, there was a sudden surge in patients presenting with symptoms of Dengue Fever. Testing confirmed Dengue Fever, which was unprecedented as the epidemic season was usually expected to start in early September.

The Department of Infectious Diseases (DID), present in the Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi deals with many endemic Infectious Diseases from all over Pakistan, including the Dengue epidemics, Influenza outbreaks, Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever outbreaks, Tuberculosis and Leptospirosis patients, etc. They compiled their data and published a report on the Dengue outbreak in 2019 and subsequently proposed a recommendation to tackle dengue in the coming years.

 

RMU TEAM

Department of Infectious Diseases, RMU

EDITORS

Dr. Mujeeb Khan

COPYRIGHTS

Dengue Report 2024

8 September 2025 | Report

Overview

The year 2024 has  itnessed a significant increase in dengue fever ases across Pakistan, including Rawalpindi. As the epidemic continues to challenge healthcare systems, Rawalpindi Medical University (RMU), along with its Department of Infectious Diseases, plays a pivotal role in combating this public health crisis.The university has been at the forefront of efforts aimed at both prevention and management, contributing to local and national health initiatives.The Department of Infectious Diseases at RMU has been actively involved in surveillance, early diagnosis, and treatment of dengue cases. Faculty and medical staff have collaborated closely with local hospitals, healthcare providers, and the Rawalpindi District Health Department to ensure
prompt identification and effective management of patients. RMU’s state-of-the-art diagnostic facilities have facilitated accurate testing, helping in the swift detection of dengue virus and the classification of cases into severe and non-severe categories.

RMU TEAM

Department of Infectious Diseases, RMU

EDITORS

Dr. Mujeeb Khan

COPYRIGHTS

Dengue Patient Care & Training Model

20 September 2025 | Report

Overview

Dengue is a viral disease caused by flavivirus transmitted by the bite of the Aedes mosquito. It is caused by one of the four serotypes (DEN1, DEN2, DEN3, DEN4), widely distributed globally between the tropics of Capricorn and cancer. Approximately 70-500 million cases of dengue fever and several hundred thousand cases of DHF occur each year with number increasing in both DF and DHF due travel, climate change and urbanization. Nowadays, about 2.5 billion people, or 40% of the world’s population, live in areas where there is a risk of dengue transmission. Dengue has spread to more than 100 countries in Asia, the Pacific, the Americas, Africa, and the Caribbean.

Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. This may include high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Recovery generally takes two to seven days. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into the lifethreatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome, where dangerously low blood
pressure occurs. There are no specific antiviral drugs for dengue, however maintaining proper fluid balance is important.

RMU TEAM

Department of Infectious Diseases, RMU

EDITORS

Dr. Mujeeb Khan

COPYRIGHTS

Dengue Predictive Model 2020 District Rawalpindi

20 September 2025 | Report

Overview

Dengue is a disastrous health problem found to be prevalent worldwide. About 128 countries are found to be suffering from this disease. Pakistan is facing a drastic dengue outbreak menace since 2005. Propagation and survival of 4 serotypes of Aedes mosquito in Pakistan is mainly attributed to climatic conditions, urbanization, communication gap and poor surveillance, thus paving the way towards emergence of peak incidence of this disease.

Approximately 50% of global population is residing in dengue prone regions and 100 million dengue cases are reported annually2. High mortality and morbidity are mainly attributed to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome that are considered to be the most severe form of this ailment3. Even no internationally authorized vaccine is available for its prevention.

RMU TEAM

Department of Infectious Diseases, RMU

EDITORS

Dr. Mujeeb Khan

COPYRIGHTS

Mapping Dengue Research Output

20 September 2025 | Report

Overview

Dengue fever (DF) is the most prevalent arbovirus-related infection globally, with the majority of cases remaining asymptomatic. The clinical spectrum of dengue ranges from a mild febrile illness to more severe manifestations, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), both of which are associated with significantly higher morbidity and mortality. Identifying early predictors of disease severity is essential for timely clinical intervention.

Current report analyses the 53 research articles (total citations 482) published from 2014 to 2025 on Dengue related research. The report is assessing research output and highlighting any groundbreaking research or gaps identified focusing on Dengue-related research (pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnostic, prevention, etc.). The 53 research articles were selected from RMU repository, PubMed, Google Scholar, Research gate et

RMU TEAM

Department of Infectious Diseases, RMU

EDITORS

Dr. Mujeeb Khan

COPYRIGHTS

Hepatitis Free Rawalpindi

21 January 2024 | Report

Overview

The Community Program of RMU for Screening and Treatment of Hepatitis C Cases in Rawalpindi aims to eradicate Hepatitis C from the Rawalpindi division and make Rawalpindi the 1st hepatitis-free city in Pakistan. They plan on doing this Awareness and Prevention in community and health professionals. This booklet provides the guidelines as to how Rawalpindi Medical University and its allied hospitals envision achieving this.

RMU TEAM

Department of Gastroenterology, HFH

EDITORS

Prof. Bushra Khaaar

COPYRIGHTS

Breast Cancer Awareness Program

21 January 2024 | Report

Overview

The Community Program of RMU for Screening and Treatment of Hepatitis C Cases in Rawalpindi aims to eradicate Hepatitis C from the Rawalpindi division and make Rawalpindi the 1st hepatitis-free city in Pakistan. They plan on doing this Awareness and Prevention in community and health professionals. This booklet provides the guidelines as to how Rawalpindi Medical University and its allied hospitals envision achieving this.

RMU TEAM
EDITORS
COPYRIGHTS

RMU Flood Relief Action Program

21 January 2024 | Report

Overview

As a result of continuing monsoon rains and floods, 81 of the 116 worst-affected districts have been designated disaster-stricken. Sindh, Balochistan, and South Punjab have been notably afflicted, although Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and Gilgit Baltistan have also been severely impacted. According to the NDMA, this has significant consequences for human lives, property, infrastructure, livelihood, and livestock, impacting 33 million people

RMU TEAM

Department of Medicine and Allied, RMU

EDITORS

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Umar

COPYRIGHTS